Seudoquiste mediastinal y fistulización pleural, excepcional complicación de una pancreatitis / Mediastinal pseudocyst and pleural fistulization, exceptional complication of pancreatitis

Resumen Introducción: Las complicaciones torácicas secundarias a pancreatitis aguda son excepcionales y más aún la presencia de un pseudoquiste mediastinal. Caso Clínico: Hombre de 36 años. Consumidor de marihuana y alcohol. Historia de 6 meses de dolor abdominal y adelgazamiento de 20 kilos. Instalando en la evolución sintomatología respiratoria. Discusión: Se discuten las formas de presentación de esta entidad. Sus etiologías más frecuentes. Se hace énfasis en el rol de la imagenología así como en el análisis del líquido pleural. El enfoque terapéutico es conservador al inicio y en algunos pacientes es quirúrgico en la evolución; con diversas opciones.

Introduction: The thoracic complications secondary to acute pancreatitis are exceptional and even more so the presence of a mediastinal pseudocyst. Case report: 36 year old man. Marijuana and alcohol consumer. History of 6 months of abdominal pain and weight loss of 20 kilos. Installing respiratory symptomatology evolution. Discussion: The forms of presentation of this entity are discussed. Its most frequent etiologies. Emphasis is placed on the role of imaging as well as the analysis of pleural fluid. The therapeutic approach is conservative at the beginning and in some patients it is surgical during evolution; with several options.

Pancreatitis with Pseudocyst Arising from Ectopic Pancreas in a Chronic Alcoholism / 대한소화기학회지

No abstract available.

Pseudoquiste pancreático fistulizado a vía biliar principal / Fistula formation between a pancreatic pseudocyst and the biliary tree

Introduction: Fistula formation between a pancreatic pseudocyst and the biliary tree is uncommon. Clinical case: We report a 71 years old female who developed a pancreatic pseudocyst secondary to a biliary acute pancreatitis. After eight weeks of evolution, the patient was operated due to the size of the pseudocyst and the presence of symptoms. During the operation, a fistula between the cyst and the biliary tree was found. It was successfully excluded performing a choledochostomy with a Kehr tube and pseudocyst drainage. The patient had an uneventful postoperative evolution and imaging studies at the moment of discharge, one month after the operation, did not show a residual cavity...

Introducción: Los pseudoquistes pancreáticos pueden desarrollarse tras episodios de pancreatitis, pudiendo originar diversas complicaciones como infección, hemorragia, fenómenos compresivos o fístulas pancreáticas. En el caso de estas últimas, la comunicación de un pseudoquiste pancreático a la vía biliar es una rareza, existiendo hasta la fecha sólo 19 casos reportados en la literatura. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 71 años que desarrolló un pseudoquiste pancreático posterior a pancreatitis aguda biliar y que debido a su tamaño y síntomas se decide el tratamiento quirúrgico a las 8 semanas. Durante la cirugía se diagnostica una fístula entre el pseudoquiste y la vía biliar principal, realizándose exclusión exitosa con coledocostomía con sonda Kehr, colecistectomía y drenaje del pseudoquiste, debido a la imposibilidad de derivación al tubo digestivo por friabilidad de su pared. La paciente evoluciona favorablemente, siendo dada de alta al mes de la cirugía. El control con imágenes previo al alta revela la desaparición del pseudoquiste, sin cavidad residual...

A Case of Splenic Pseudocyst Complicated by Acute Pancreatitis / 대한소화기학회지

Splenic pseudocyst is a rare disease associated with chronic and acute pancreatitis splenic pseudocyst is treated by distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. A 47-year old woman with a 10-year history of alcohol abuse presented with epigastric and left upper quadrant pain of 3 days duration. Abdominal CT showed a 4.0x4.5 cm sized cystic lesion in the tail of the pancreas. Analgesics was administrated for the relief of abdominal pain. On the 4th hospital day, the patient complained more of left upper quadrant pain, so we took follow up CT scans. On follow up CT, one large splenic pseudocyst with size of 9.5x4.5x10.0 cm was noted. The patient was treated conservatively by percutaneous catheter drainage and discharged on the 13th hospital day. This case is the first case report of splenic pseudocyst treated conservatively, not by surgery in Korea.

Pseudoquiste de páncreas con extensión a mediastino / Pancreatic pseudocyst extended to the mediastinum: case report

We report a 53 years old male consulting for chest pain and dyspnea. On physical examination, an epigastric mass was detected. A TC scan showed a collection located in the omental bursa, which protruded over the posterior gastric wall and ascended to the mediastinum. Due to the presence of pancreatic calcifications, a pancreatic pseudocyst was suspected. The mediastinal cyst was drained percutaneously, leaving pig tail drainage in the cavity. Afterwards a cyst excision and Roux en Y gastrostomy was performed. After the surgical procedure the cyst became infected, requiring antimicrobials. After two weeks he was discharged in good conditions.

Los pseudoquistes de páncreas representan el 75 por ciento de las lesiones quísticas del páncreas y generalmente se circunscriben en el abdomen. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con un pseudoquiste de páncreas con extensión transhiatal a mediastino. Estos casos deben sospecharse mediante una historia clínica detallada y preguntando por antecedentes de dolor abdominal previo porque la clínica con la que se suelen manifestar es muy poco específica. El tratamiento de los pseudoquistes con extensión a mediastino debería ser el drenaje definitivo, bien de forma quirúrgica o endoscópica.

Tumor de Frantz: neoplasia sólida pseudopapilar de páncreas / Frantz tumor: a pancreatic pseudopapillary solid neoplasia

Nosotros reportamos un caso de neoplasia sólida pseudopapilar de páncreas en una mujer de 35 años. Ella refirió haber iniciado desde hace tres meses una enfermedad progresiva caracterizada por dolor epigástrico y baja de peso. En el examen físico solo mostró dolor moderado a la palpación profunda de mesogastrio, no se palpó alguna masa abdominal. Los exámenes auxiliares mostraron hemoglobina 13.3gr; leucocitos, plaquetas, perfil de coagulación, bioquímica, electrolitos, albúmina, globulinas, bilirrubinas, transaminasas y fosfatasa alcalina fueron normales. Examen de orina: leucocitos 14-16 por campo, urocultivo: negativo, Ca 19.9: 21.2 (0-37). Arco V (anticuerpos IgG E. granulosus):, 17.3 (nivel dudoso), Inmunoblot quiste hidatídico: negativo. La ecografía abdominal mostro entre cuerpo y cola de páncreas una imagen hipoecogénica de aspecto sólido. En la tomografía abdominal se detectó en el cuerpo del páncreas la presencia de dos nódulos hipodensos con densidad promedio de 25 U.H. y que medían 50 y 22 mm de diámetro. Las imágenes por resonancia magnetica nuclear determinaron en el cuerpo del páncreas un quiste bilobulado de 45 y 25 mm de diámetro, con isointensidad en T1, hiperintensidad en T2, sin cambios tras la saturación grasa, con realce periférico por el contraste. Intervenida quirúrgicamente, se encontró una tumoración quística en el cuerpo del páncreas; sin signos de infiltración a otros órganos. Se realizó pancreatectomía distal y esplenectomía. La tumoración era ovalada y medía 60x46x35 mm, encapsulada, de consistencia irregular, que al corte dejaba fluir material de aspecto necrótico. El estudio histológico demostró el típico patrón pseudopapilar con estroma perivascular hialinizado; en los estudios de inmunohistoquimica se observo inmunoreactividad positiva a ciclina D1 y al receptor de progesterona; también hubo positividad para vimentina, enolasa neuronoespecífica y CD-56...

We report a case of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas in a 35-year-old female. She presented with epigastric pain and weight loss, these symptoms developed 3 months before. Physical examination revealed mild pain on deep palpation of mesogastrium, without palpable abdominal mass; rest of the examination was normal. The laboratory data showed hemoglobin 13.3gr/dl; WBC, platelets, blood coagulation test, blood biochemistry, electrolytes, liver function test were normals. Urine test: 14-16 leukocytes per field, urocultive negative, Ca 19.9: 21.2 (0-37). Her serology for hydatic cyst (arc V and inmunoblot) was negative. Abdominal ultrasound showed between body and tail of the pancreas a solid hypoechoic image. In abdominal CT was detected in the body of the pancreas the presence of two hypodense lesions with average density of 25 UH and mediate 50 and 22 mm in diameter. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging identified the body of the pancreas, bilobed cyst of 45 and 25 mm in diameter, with isointensity in T1, hyperintensity in T2, unchanged after fat saturation, with peripheral contrast enhancement. Operation findings showed a cystic tumor in the body of pancreas without signs of infiltration to other organs. Therefore, distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were carried out. The tumor was 60x46x35 mm and a half oval, encapsulated, irregular consistency, which the court left necrotic-looking material flow. The study showed the pattern typical hyalinized perivascular pseudopapillary with stroma, in immunohistochemical studies positive imunoreactivity was observed in cyclin D1 and progesterone receptor, also were positive for vimentin, enolase neuronoespecífica and CD-56. The proliferation index assessed by Ki-67 was less than 1% in tumor cells...

Bronchopulmonary foregut malformation mimicking pseudocyst of pancreas.

We report a four-yr-old girl who was successfully treated for a large gastro-duodenal duplication that communicated with extra-lobar pulmonary sequestration on one end and the main pancreatic duct on the other. Such an association has not been reported hitherto.

[Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas mimicking pancreatic pseudocyst]

Most of pancreatic cysts are in fact pseudocysts. Only 10 to 20% are real cystic tumors. Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas represent nearly 15% of them. To illustrate, by an observation, the difficulties to diagnose a cystic tumor of the pancreas. We report the case of a 55 year old woman complaining of epigastric pain for one month with an elevated pancreatic enzymes level. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scan showed two cystic formations measuring 6 and 7cm localized respectively in the head and the body of the pancreas. The diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocysts was maintained. The appearance of a jaundice made us think about a pseudocyst's compression of the common bile duct. A cysto-gastric anastomosis was made. The recurrence of the jaundice associated to diabetes and a general state deterioration led to the practice of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. It revealed an intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas affecting secondary ducts. The presence of a peritoneal carcinosis led to therapeutic abstention. The diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas must be referred to in case of pancreatic cystic tumor without extrapancreatic necrosis. This kind of tumor can simulate a pancreatic pseudocyst

Pancreatic Pseudocyst in Federal Medical Centre; Gombe and Review of Literature

Pseudocyst arises from pancreatic inflammation or ductal disruption and is the commonest cystic lesion of the pancreas. Although spontaneous resolution is common particularly in its early phase; progression of the cyst may culminate in grave consequences for the patient. The aim of the study is to highlight the presentation; management and outcome of pseudocyst in an environment where it is reportedly uncommon. Case series with review of literature. Although pancreatic pseudocyst is not very frequently seen in this environment; it is not entirely rare but is frequently misdiagnosed. Non specific symptoms in the early stage and subsequent confusion with various intra abdominal pathologies are among the reasons for late diagnosis and delayed intervention. Pseudocyst is amenable to surgical treatment. Early recognition is imperative in preventing complications and in defining the true incidence of this disease entity in our locality. Clinical suspicion in every setting of pancreatitis complemented by serum amylase estimations and early ultrasound scan will improve the diagnosis

Neoplasias quísticas pancreáticas / Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas

BACKGROUND: Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas represent between 5% and 10% of all pancreatic tumors. Due to their malignant potential, surgery is indicated. Because of the uncommon nature of this pathology, the aim of this study was to present a series of six patients who were operated on for a cystic tumor and to analyze the morphological characteristics, surgical experience and follow-up. METHODS: This was a retrospective study. Clinical files were studied, as well as surgical and pathological registries from patients diagnosed with cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Five females and one male were included with a mean age of 54 +/- 15 years. The main symptom was abdominal pain. RESULTS: Clinical course and CT scan results were the criteria for suspecting the diagnosis. In 4/6 patients, the tumor was located within the body and tail of the pancreas. The most frequent intervention was distal pancreatectomy. There was no mediate operative mortality in a 30-day period. Histopathological diagnoses were three serum cystadenomas, two mucinous cystadenomas and one cystadenocarcinoma. After a 4-year follow-up, no tumor recurrences have been reported in the surviving patients. CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas is generally benign, but complications may occur by direct invasion of neighboring structures. Clinical course, tomography, pancreatography and punction are fundamental for its treatment.

A Case of Intrahepatic Pseudocyst Complicating Acute Pancreatitis / 대한소화기학회지

Although most of pseudocysts as one of complications of pancreatitis occur primarily within the pancreas, the extrapancreatic locations of pseudocysts, especially in the liver, are rare events. With advanced technology of imaging studies including abdominal computed tomography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging, their frequency seems to be increasing. We report here a case of left intrahepatic pancreatic pseudocyst following acute pancreatitis. Percutaneous puncture revealed a high level of amylase and lipase in the collection, confirming the diagnosis of intrahepatic pseudocyst. Symptomatic intrahepatic pseudocysts can be managed surgically, transcutaneously or endoscopically, and asymptomatic intrahepatic pseudocysts can be treated conservatively. We report this case with a review of literature.

Large Adrenal Pseudocyst. Report of a Case

Authors report a case of large adrenal pseudocyst in a 53 year-old woman. A voluminous abdominal mass with malnutrition and dehydration symptoms were found. Surgical excision was difficult but complete after 6L fluid aspiration. Histologic examination showed fibrous and inflammatory cystic wall with groups of adrenal cells. No epithelial lining was present and the diagnosis of adrenal pseudocyst was made. Pathogenesis; histology; diagnosis and management were discussed

Giant lesser sac liposarcoma mimicking infected pancreatic pseudocyst.

The most common site for abdominal liposarcoma is the retroperitoneum. We report a 32-year-old man with lesser-sac myxoid liposarcoma with extensive cystic degeneration. Cystogastrostomy was attempted elsewhere with a misdiagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst. However, the procedure was abandoned after biopsy, which showed features of liposarcoma. The patient was re-explored at our institute 2 weeks later. Complete excision of the tumor was done. Histology revealed features of myxoid liposarcoma. The patient received adjuvant radiotherapy and is doing well 12 months later.

Experience in diagnosis and treatment of bleeding complications in severe acute pancreatitis by TAE / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The experience in diagnosis and treatment of bleeding complications in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) by transcatheter arterial embolization was summarized. The clinical data of 19 SAP patients complicated with intra-abdominal bleeding in our hospital from Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2003 were analyzed retrospectively and the therapeutic outcome of TAE was evaluated statistically. The results showed that the short-term successful rate of hemostasis by TAE was 89.5% (17/19), the incidence of re-bleeding after TAE was 36.8% (7/19) and the successful rate of hemostatis by second TAE was 71.4% (5/7). It was concluded that the intra-abdominal bleeding in SAP was mainly caused by the rupture of erosive/infected pseudoaneurysm. Mostly, the broken vessels were splenic artery and gastroduodenal artery; In terms of emergence hemostatis, TAE is the most effective method. Surgical hemostasis is necessary if hemostasis by TAE is failed or re-bleeding occurs after TAE.

Natural course of asymptomatic pancreatic pseudocyst: a prospective study.

AIM: To study the natural course of asymptomatic pseudocysts of the pancreas. METHODS: Thirty patients (age range 18-68 years, mean 44; 24 men) with asymptomatic pseudocysts of the pancreas were enrolled between December 2001 and December 2003, and were followed up every month. Those who developed symptoms due to pseudocyst (increasing pain or features of obstruction such as vomiting or jaundice) were subjected to an endoscopic or surgical drainage procedure. End point of the study was either spontaneous resolution of pseudocyst or drainage procedure. RESULTS: Eighteen (60%) of 30 patients had resolution of the pseudocyst over an average duration of 5 months. Maximum diameter of less than 7.5 cm and cyst volume less than 250 mL were significantly more frequent in patients with resolution of pseudocyst than in those without (14/18 vs 2/12 [p=0.001] and 15/18 vs 2/12 [p=0.0003], respectively). Presence of internal debris was associated with non-resolution (9/12 vs 2/18; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Pseudocysts with less than 7.5 cm diameter, volume less than 250 mL, and absence of internal debris were associated with spontaneous resolution within an average duration of 5 months.

Pancreatic pseudocyst presenting as odynophagia.

A 40-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and odynophagia. CT scan revealed a pseudocyst in the posterior mediastinum and pleural effusion complicating pancreatitis. He was managed with transpapillary pancreatic duct stenting along with other supportive measures including octreotide, and he improved symptomatically. The stent was removed after four months; there was no pseudocyst on follow up CT scan.

Pseudoquiste pancreático en mediastino: diagnóstico mediante TC y RM / Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst: diagnostic imaging findings

La presencia de un pseudoquiste de páncreas en mediastino es poco frecuente. Presentamos un paciente de 62 años con antecedente de pancreatitis crónica que consulta por fiebre, disnea y disfagia de 15 días de evolución. Se realizó esofagograma en donde se observó compresión extrínseca del tercio inferior del esófago y TC de tórax que evidencia masa de partes blandas que desplaza lateralmente, hacia la derecha, al esófago. Debido a estos hallazgos se indica una RM que objetiva imagen hipointensa en T1 e hiperintensa en T2, localizada en mediastino posterior con proyección subdiafragmática a través del hiato esofágico, que desplaza al esófago distal. El diagnóstico de pseudoquiste pancreático se hizo en base a los hallazgos imagenológicos y la evolución clínica del paciente

Tratamiento laparoscópico del pseudoquiste agudo de páncreas: técnica y resultados iniciales / Technical aspects and results of laparoscopic treatment of acute pancreatic pseudocysts

Introducción: El tratamiento de los pseudoquistes agudos de páncreas (PAP) presenta diversas alternativas terapéuticas: tratamientos endoscópicos, percutáneos, cirugía abierta y laparoscópica. Resulta de trascedental importancia en el tratamiento de los PAP, cumplir con las premisas básicas de la cirugía convencional. Objetivo: Describir los aspectos técnicos y resultados inmediatos y alejados del tratamiento de los PAP por vía laparoscópica. Lugar: Hospital Privado de la Comunidad. Diseño: Serie de casos. Retrospectivo. Material y método: En el período noviembre de 1996 a mayo de 2002, fueron evaluados y tratados 21 pacientes portadores de 23 PAP. Fueron operados por vía laparoscópica 7 pacientes portadores de 8 pseudoquistes pancreáticos, todos secundarios a pancreatitis aguda biliar. Seis de ellos tenían pendiente aún la resolución de la patología biliar. La edad promedio de la población fue de 55 años (r 31-77), siendo 5 de sexo masculino. El tiempo promedio de evolución hasta la cirugía fue de 12 semanas (r 8-12) y el tamaño promedio fue de 11,3 cm (r 5-18). En todos los casos se realizó ecografía translaparoscópica para determinar tamaño, localización y relaciones anatómicas del pseudoquiste. En seis casos se realizó cistoyeyunoanastomosis en Y de Roux. En un sólo caso de localización alta retrogástrica, se debió realizar cistogastro anastomosis. En un caso de pseudoquiste infectado se efectuó drenaje externo. Resultados: No hubo conversión, se efectuaron como procedimientos complementarios: 6 colesistectomías laparoscópicas, una exploración de la vía biliar por vía transcística con extracción de cálculos, y 1 hernioplastía umbilical. El tiempo operatorio total promedio fue de 258 minutos (r 90-360). El tiempo promedio de internación fue de 3,8 días (r 2-5). Todos se encuentran sin signos de recidiva de la enfermedad a 30,3 meses de seguimiento promedio (r 6-71). Conclusiones: Por vía laparoscópica fue posible reproducir los procedimientos que empleábamos en el abordaje abierto. Se logró una adecuada exploración de la cavidad quística, y una necrosectomía completa y segura. La confección extracorpórea del asa en Y de Roux simplificó el procedimiento quirúrgico, prescindiendo del empleo de suturas mecánicas. La patología biliar subyacente pudo ser resuelta en el mismo acto operatorio. No se observó mortalidad y la morbilidad fue mínima

Seudoquistogastrostomia espontánea: manejo selectivo del seudoquiste agudo pancreático / Spontaneous pseudocystogastrostomy: selective management of acute pancreatic pseudocyst

Antecedentes: En nuestro medio el seudoquiste agudo de páncreas se presenta luego de pancreatitis aguda severa o trauma pancreático. El diagnóstico Inicial se realiza por ecografía, tomografía computada y, con menor frecuencia, por la clínica. El tratamiento puede ser quirúrgico o mimmoinvasivo. Objetivos: Presentar un paciente con un voluminoso seudoquiste agudo de páncreas que tuvo una resolución espontánea. Material y Métodos: Paciente de sexo masculino, de 71 años, con episodio de pancreatitis aguda severa, complicada con necrosis pancreática infectada, que requirió necrosectomias en etapas y colecistectomia; después, desarrolló un seudoquiste agudo de páncreas de 20 cm. de diámetro. La complejidad de la patología y la repercusión en el estado general del enfermo postergó el tratamiento del seudoquiste, que en su evolución natural se drenó espontáneamente al estómago, sin complicaciones ni recidiva de la lesión. Conclusión: Los seudoquistes agudos de páncreas mayores de 6 cm. que persisten más allá de las 12 semanas habitualmente son tratados quirúrgicamente. Algunos casos, como el enfermo reportado, podrían ser manejados en forma no operatoria con un seguimiento adecuado.

Background: In our medium, acute pancreatic pseudocyst occur after severe acute pancreatitis or pancreatic trauma. The initial diagnosis is made by ultrasound examination, computed axial tomography and less frequently, by clinical assessment. Treatment may be either surgical or minimal invasive. Objectives: To present a patient with a large acute pancreatic pseudocyst which had a spontaneous resolution. Material and methods: The patient was a 71-years-old male who had an attack of severe acute pancreatitis necrosis requiring serial necrosectomies and cholecystectomy; he then developed a 20 cm acute pancreatic pseudocyst. The severity of the disease and its implication on the patien´s general condition delayed treatment on the pseudocyst, which in its natural course, spontaneously drained into the stomach with no complications or relapses. Conclusion: Acute pancreatic cysts larger than 6 cm persisting for more than 12 weeks are usually surgically treated. Some cases, as the one reported below, could be managed by non-surgical means with adequate follow-up.